The Opium War

The Opium war started because the Chinese started a anti-opium campaign. They did not want the Englishmen to trade opium in china anymore because it was damaging their economy because the china men would trade all its silver & gold for opium. The government didn't want to give all there silver & gold away, if the opium wasn't being used in a good manner. So when the Chinese started to ban opium selling in china, the British took that ass offense & they also took it as offense when they send a letter to the queen about the illegal opium selling in England. So then the British thought that was immediate war. the Opium wars was named after opium because it was basically about how china didn't want opium to be sold in their country anymore. They saw opium as a threat to society & that's why they wanted it to stop. The Opium War was also the first drug war in the history of the world.

Film lesson: "Mountains of the Moon"

The hardships the Europeans faced in Africa was disease, being attacked by other African tribes & also it was hard to navigate around because they didn't know the conditions there. It's strange that the third largest lake, Lake Victoria is named after a British queen because the lake is named after a queen in a whole different continent & because the explorers who explored in Africa were from Europe. The technological advantage the Europeans had over the African people was that they had guns & they had boats that ran on coal, so they didn't need a sail. The Europeans were eventually able to conquer the Africans because the Africans were not as strong as them. The Europeans had better weapon than the Africans did. The Africans soon gave up after seeing how strong their weapons were.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Perry impressed the Japanese by his ships. They were amazed by how his ship had no sail. The Japanese never saw technology like this before. The Meiji Restoration increased industrialization in Japan. This led to a rise in military authority. They wanted to enrich the country &
strengthen the military. Japan observed european countries & observed the way they lived & how they were industrialized.

Karl Marx and Communism

Communism is a system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common. Karl Marx saw that during the Industrial revoultion, people were being worked to the bone & that the bosses of these companies or factories weren't doing anything. He said that people should be treated equally instead of people being below someone else. Karl Marx felt that communism would help the factory workers, by how everyone in government was equal & owned things equally, instead of one main person owning the whole thing to themselves.
Karl Marx wanted communism to take over the world because everyone in the world be equal.Karl Marx saw the workers as good guys because he felt that they were doing what they were suppose tio be doing, but at some point they should have took up for themselves. He felt that the bosses of the factories were bad guys because they didn't do anything, they just told the workers what to do &put themin very hard work conditions.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

The way Karl Marx felt about the Industrial Revolution was that it was bad. He didn't like the way the factory workers were being treated, because European factories were very harsh & an unsafe place. He argued that workers should control the factories & farms, rather than their landlords.

The Industrial Revolution inspired Marx to create Communism by how he wanted the workers of the world to unite & form a worldwide revolution. The workers would share wealth in the communist society. He said that wealth should be distributed according to his abilities & his needs. He believed that workers could control government.

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism is the belief that one's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. I am Nationalistic by how I am a citizen of the country I live in, I have a birth certificate. The things I do that show that I'm nationalistic is that I use the currency in this country and that I learn about my country in school and I follow the laws in my country.

Nationalism was used to unify Italy by how they used alliances with other country's to gain control of some parts of Italy. To gain control of the northern part of Italy they had to use diplomacy. To conquer the land in the north they had to find an alliance to get the Austrians out of the territory.They conquered Italy by there alliances. Italy before the unification was ruled by the Austrians and they were basically all over the place.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revoultions

Simon Bolivar accomplished many things. He got independence for Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. Bolivia was named after Simon Bolivar because he gained independence for the country.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

The reign of terror was a conflict between two political rivals. They executed enemies of the revolution. The guillotine was the symbol of executions. Marie Antoinette lost her life too the blade & many others. Maximilien Robespierre was one of the well-known figures in the french revolution.

The French Revolution

1. The people of france were critical of the nobility, the king & the clergy because they didnt have to do anything. They didnt have to pay taxes. They didnt have to serve in the military. They couldnt finsh or hunt on the nobles land. They probably felt that they werent being treated equally with the other groups.

2. A french peasant would have grumbled about how they werent being treated fairly & that they had to serve in a war .

3. The point the cartoonist is making is that the peasants job is to do whatever clergy & the nobles tell them to do.Meaning that they have to carry out there duties.

4. The life of a french peasant is bad. They have to give most of there animals & other things to pay there lords & then on top of that they have to pay the taxes that are put out by the king. P easants are treated very poorly in france.

5. Poor people in france resented the rich because they were being treated better than them. They would get more money than them in a job because they were higher than them.

6. The people who would be most influenced by Jean Jacques Rousseau words are the peasants, because they are the people who have to do what the king & the nobles say to do. They would feel like its there time to stand up for what they believe in.

7. It was banned because it was probably was getting alot of attention by the peasants. They probably started standing up for themselves & stop doing what the king & the nobles told them to do. The people who banned this was probably the king & the nobles because they felt that it was disrespect for him to go against what they said to do.

John Locke and "The Enlightenment"

The rights Jefferson is talking about are that, the people have the ability to abolish anything in government that they feel is bad. He said anything that is destructive toward the government should be abolish & it is the people's job to do so. Government gets its power mostly from the people. The people are the ones who have to tell them who could be president or anything. The people have all the power. You have to have approval for anything big to happen. You can't just say that your in government, you have to be voted for the be in government.

Copernicus and the trial of Galileo

Geocentric was the first theory about the earth. Aristole & Ptolemy believed that the earth was the center of the universe. It was said that it was the center of the universe until Copernicus presented a mathematical model of the heliocentric system. The heliocentric model was that the sun was the center of the universe, not the earth. Heliocentric was in the scientific revolution because that is when Kepler did more observations about it. He believed the same thing as Copernicus. When he figured out that it was right. Everyone started to belive him. The sun was the center of the universe.

The Scienfice Method

The scientific method is when you test your opinion & see if your opinion or hypothesis is true or not. In the scientific method there are many steps. First there is the hypothesis. The hypothesis is an educated guess. Next is the experiment. In the experiment, you test your hypothesis to see if your hypothesis is incorrect or correct. After you test your hypothesis,there is the conclusion. In the conclusion, you tell the procedures you took to prove your hypothesis wrong or right.

An experiment of using the scientific method is "there is about 500 pages in this global text book". That is my hypothesis. Next you tell the procedures. The procedure to figure out of many pages are in the textbook is to look in the textbook. If there was more than 500 your wrong. If there's about 500 pages, you are right. The next thing you do is the conclusion. In the conclusion, I will have to write how I got my answer & if my hypothesis was correct or incorrect. This is an example of using the scientific method.

Evolution vs Creation

In this article, Darwin is saying that people came from monkeys in there past lifetime. Over time there was many mutations to turn us into humans. Darwin explained that it probably took many years for us to be humans today. He said that complex creatures evolved to simpler ancestors over time. These complex creatures evolve because they aid survival. This process is called natural selection.

The theory of creation comes from God. People believe that God created the universe & all the living things in it. Most people believe that God created the whole universe in seven days. The theory of creation believes that creatures started out as distinct & separate organisms until God creted them to be man or animal. People who believe this, they are called creationist. Creationist do not belive that they chnage into completely different & distinct animals. They believe that God created them in His own way.

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